It is possible to encode a little bit of metadata at the beginning of your byte streams to let the stream itself carry information on how it has been encoded. This is known as a Byte Order Mark (BOM) and it is as far as we know completely optional. Some .NET Framework implementations add this BOM to the start of streams given that they are to have a specific encoding. Here is how to find the BOM, and if necessary, remove it from your stream. Context Recently Neo4j graph database announced a REST interface. A couple of colleagues...